Testing the impact of differing behavioural science informed text message content in COVID-19 vaccination invitations on vaccine uptake: A randomised clinical trial

Assessed by RV006 · Research Assistant/Biostatistician

Assessed on 4 Nov 2025

OverallReviewer's overall integrity assessment, derived from all research questions No concerns

DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.059 (opens in new tab)

Resource ripekg:research-integrity-assessment/RIPEA5F07EC806B96D244

5 Research Questions · 2 Evidence Items

Q1.1 — Does the study have an associated retraction?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q1.2 — Does the study have an associated expression of concern or other relevant post-publication notice?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q1.3 — Do other studies by the research team highlight causes for concern?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q2.2 — Are there concerns relating to the timing or absence of study registration?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemYes

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsYes

Rationale: Registration date is 17/05/2021, that is after the recruitment date 13/05/2021.

Supporting Evidence (2)

Clinical Trial RegistrationSource: Clinical trial registry (e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN)

Registration ID: NCT04895683

Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04895683 (opens in new tab)

Registration Date: 17-05-2021

Prospective:Whether the trial was registered before participant recruitment began No

Assessment Rationale:How INSPECT-AI determined the prospective registration status by comparing dates Registration date is after LLM recruitment start date.

Study Design EvidenceDates and timelines extracted by INSPECT-AI from the publication text

Recruitment Start: 13-05-2021

Recruitment Start Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment start date Methods: 'The trial compared the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination by trial arm at 3 and 8 weeks after the interventions were deployed between May 13th and 21st of June 2021.'

Recruitment End: 21-06-2021

Recruitment End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment end date Methods: 'The trial compared the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination by trial arm at 3 and 8 weeks after the interventions were deployed between May 13th and 21st of June 2021.'

Study End: N/A

Study End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the study end date No explicit study end date found.

Overall — What is the overall integrity assessment of the study?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemN/A

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo concerns

Rationale: Just 4 days between the registration date and the enrollment. I do not think it is a big concern.