RETRACTED: The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Assessed by RV006 · Research Assistant/Biostatistician
Assessed on 4 Nov 2025
OverallReviewer's overall integrity assessment, derived from all research questions Serious concerns
DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.10.028 (opens in new tab)
Resource ripekg:research-integrity-assessment/RIPEA56FDC28B3E9006DE
5 Research Questions · 45 Evidence Items
Q1.1 — Does the study have an associated retraction?
Rationale: Retracted watermark on PDF and on the Journal Website
Supporting Evidence (3)
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on glucose homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1016/j.clnu.2025.08.008 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 67383
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions
About Authors: Zatollah Asemi, Mehri Jamilian, Elaheh Amirani
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism, lipid concentrations, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial
10.1093/ajcn/nqab071 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 28312
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s)
About Authors: Mansooreh Samimi, Teibeh Hashemi, Maryam Karamali, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Long-Term Vitamin D Supplementation Affects Metabolic Status in Vitamin D-Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
10.1093/jn/nxab073 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 28369
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s)
About Authors: Fariba Raygan, Hamid Talari, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Fereshteh Bahmani
Q1.2 — Does the study have an associated expression of concern or other relevant post-publication notice?
Rationale: 1 comment on the Pubpeer
Supporting Evidence (2)
PubPeer ThreadSource: PubPeer.com — post-publication peer review comments
https://pubpeer.com/publications/3A52524DE4CFD5EEE50D5377F062C6 (opens in new tab)PubPeer CommentSource: PubPeer.com — a platform for post-publication peer review
[Image: Screenshot or file attached – filename: file]
Thread: https://pubpeer.com/publications/3A52524DE4CFD5EEE50D5377F062C6 (opens in new tab)
PubPeer CommentSource: PubPeer.com — a platform for post-publication peer review
This article has been retracted at the request of the journal editorial team. Significant concerns were raised by a third party about the integrity of the data and the reported findings in the article. When approached for an explanation, the authors have been cooperative in providing some responses and documents. To verify the reported findings, the article and the documents provided by the authors were further evaluated by the Ethics Editor and the journal editorial team. The journal editorial team and the Ethics Editor were unable to confirm the integrity of the data presented in tables and their main outcome was that the article's results and conclusions are unreliable. Therefore, as the editorial team no longer have confidence in the reported conclusions the decision has been made to retract the article. The authors listed in the publication have been informed. The authors do not agree with the retraction.
Thread: https://pubpeer.com/publications/3A52524DE4CFD5EEE50D5377F062C6 (opens in new tab)
Q1.3 — Do other studies by the research team highlight causes for concern?
Rationale: Yes, for all 3 authors
Supporting Evidence (38)
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Expressed Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Glucose Transporter Type 1 Genes in Newborns of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
10.1007/s12011-016-0788-y (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 28454
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Investigation by Company/Institution;Updated to Retraction
About Authors: Mehri Jamilian, Mansooreh Samimi, Esmat Aghadavod
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Gene Expression Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Gestational Diabetes
10.1007/s12011-017-1045-8 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 28465
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Investigation by Company/Institution
About Authors: Mehri Jamilian, Mansooreh Samimi, Esmat Aghadavod, Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Expressed Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and Glucose Transporter Type 1 Genes in Newborns of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
10.1007/s12011-022-03501-2 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 40895
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Concerns/Issues About Image;Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions;Duplication of/in Article;Investigation by Company/Institution;Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s)
About Authors: Mehri Jamilian, Mansooreh Samimi, Esmat Aghadavod
Q2.2 — Are there concerns relating to the timing or absence of study registration?
Rationale: The study conducted from May 2017 to Jan 2018. So the registration should be retrospective not prospective.
Supporting Evidence (2)
Clinical Trial RegistrationSource: Clinical trial registry (e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN)
Registration ID: IRCT201706075623N119
Registry: IRCT
Registry Link: https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT201706075623N119 (opens in new tab)
Registration Date: 9 Jun 2017
Prospective:Whether the trial was registered before participant recruitment began Yes
Assessment Rationale:How INSPECT-AI determined the prospective registration status by comparing dates Comparison performed at month level. Registration: 2017-06, LLM Recruitment Start: 2017-07. Deemed prospective at month level.
Study Design EvidenceDates and timelines extracted by INSPECT-AI from the publication text
Recruitment Start: 07-2017
Recruitment Start Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment start date Study was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, so recruitment start is July 2017 per rule 5.
Recruitment End: N/A
Recruitment End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment end date No explicit recruitment end date found.
Study End: 01-2018
Study End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the study end date Study was conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, so study end date is January 2018 per rule 5.
Overall — What is the overall integrity assessment of the study?
Rationale: Agree.