The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD
Assessed by RV017 · Evidence Synthesis Methodolodgy Editor
Assessed on 3 Mar 2026
OverallReviewer's overall integrity assessment, derived from all research questions Serious concerns
DOI 10.1017/s0007114516001847 (opens in new tab)
Resource ripekg:research-integrity-assessment/RIPEA55912887A066C004
5 Research Questions · 58 Evidence Items
Q1.1 — Does the study have an associated retraction?
Rationale: No retraction found.
Q1.2 — Does the study have an associated expression of concern or other relevant post-publication notice?
Rationale: There is an expression of concern on the journal website (listed as 'correction'). Concerns regarding integrity of the study and investigation is currently ongoing. Also a comment on PubPeer with concerns about integrity of publications by this research group.
Supporting Evidence (2)
PubPeer ThreadSource: PubPeer.com — post-publication peer review comments
https://pubpeer.com/publications/57E5FC10B44748C46AE46D4572E7FB (opens in new tab)Expression of ConcernSource: Retraction Watch database
The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD
10.1017/s0007114521002038 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 43697
Rationale: Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Notice - Limited or No Information
PubPeer CommentSource: PubPeer.com — a platform for post-publication peer review
There are many concerns about the integrity of 172 publications by this research group, including this one. Some of the concerns are published 1. Anaesthesia 2020;75:1683–92, see Supplementary data. This paper is A47 2. Account Res 2020;28:149-61. 3. J Clin Epidemiol 2021;131:22-29. Journals and publishers were notified of these concerns in July 2019. 23 publications have an expression of concern. To our knowledge there has been no public response about any of the concerns. We think these publications are unreliable
Thread: https://pubpeer.com/publications/57E5FC10B44748C46AE46D4572E7FB (opens in new tab)
Q1.3 — Do other studies by the research team highlight causes for concern?
Rationale: Nearly all authors are mentioned on Retraction Watch. Comment on PubPeer about the integrity of studies by this research team.
Supporting Evidence (54)
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation influences biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight and vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
10.1111/cen.14892 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 43979
Rationale: Investigation by Third Party
About Authors: Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Mehri Jamilian, Teibeh Hashemi, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Fereshteh Bahmani
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial
10.1111/cen.14889 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 43984
Rationale: Investigation by Third Party
About Authors: Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Mehri Jamilian, Fereshteh Bahmani, Hamidreza Jamilian, Esmat Aghadavod, Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
Retraction NoticeSource: Retraction Watch database
Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
10.1080/0167482x.2024.2346385 (opens in new tab)RetractionWatch ID:Record identifier in the Retraction Watch database 53693
Rationale: Concerns/Issues About Data;Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions;Investigation by Journal/Publisher;Investigation by Third Party;Objections by Author(s);Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions;Upgrade/Update of Prior Notice(s)
About Authors: Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Mehri Jamilian, Fereshteh Bahmani, Hamidreza Jamilian, Faraneh Afshar Ebrahimi
Q2.2 — Are there concerns relating to the timing or absence of study registration?
Rationale: On trial registry, date of registration is 22/6/2015 and date of first enrollment is 02/06/2015. It also states 'No' to 'Prospective registration'. In the publication it states the study was carried out between June and September 2015 (not that recruitment occured until September 2015). The study was only 12 weeks long, so it is likely most (if not all) participants were recruited in June and this could of occurred before the trial was registered on 22nd June. Therefore, there are concerns about timing of registration.
Supporting Evidence (2)
Clinical Trial RegistrationSource: Clinical trial registry (e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN)
Registration ID: IRCT201506185623N45
Registry: IRCT
Registry Link: https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT201506185623N45 (opens in new tab)
Registration Date: 22 Jun 2015
Prospective:Whether the trial was registered before participant recruitment began Yes
Assessment Rationale:How INSPECT-AI determined the prospective registration status by comparing dates Comparison performed at month level. Registration: 2015-06, LLM Recruitment Start: 2015-06. Deemed prospective at month level.
Study Design EvidenceDates and timelines extracted by INSPECT-AI from the publication text
Recruitment Start: 06-2015
Recruitment Start Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment start date Methods: 'carried out at a cardiology clinic...between June and September 2015'; June 2015 is taken as the recruitment start month.
Recruitment End: 09-2015
Recruitment End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment end date Methods: 'carried out at a cardiology clinic...between June and September 2015'; September 2015 is taken as the recruitment finish month.
Study End: N/A
Study End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the study end date No explicit study end date found.
Overall — What is the overall integrity assessment of the study?
Rationale: Study has an expression of concern on the journal website about research integrity. Also a comment posted on PubPeer about this research team and also nearly all authors are mentioned on Retraction Watch. Concerns about timing of registration and recruitment of participants.