Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players

Assessed by RV006 · Research Assistant/Biostatistician

Assessed on 4 Nov 2025

OverallReviewer's overall integrity assessment, derived from all research questions Some concerns

DOI 10.1080/15502783.2025.2505184 (opens in new tab)

Resource ripekg:research-integrity-assessment/RIPEA2F41F2E12B52FD47

5 Research Questions · 2 Evidence Items

Q1.1 — Does the study have an associated retraction?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q1.2 — Does the study have an associated expression of concern or other relevant post-publication notice?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q1.3 — Do other studies by the research team highlight causes for concern?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemNo

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsNo

Rationale: No rationale provided

Q2.2 — Are there concerns relating to the timing or absence of study registration?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemUnclear

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsYes

Rationale: Absence of study registration and not reported the enrollment date.

Supporting Evidence (2)

Clinical Trial RegistrationSource: Clinical trial registry (e.g. ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN)

No trial registration found

Assessment Rationale:How INSPECT-AI determined the prospective registration status by comparing dates LLM-extracted recruitment start date (normalized_date) is missing or empty.

Study Design EvidenceDates and timelines extracted by INSPECT-AI from the publication text

Recruitment Start: N/A

Recruitment Start Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment start date No recruitment start date found after a full search of the document.

Recruitment End: N/A

Recruitment End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the recruitment end date No recruitment finish date found after a full search of the document.

Study End: N/A

Study End Rationale:INSPECT-AI's reasoning for how it identified the study end date No study end date found after a full search of the document.

Overall — What is the overall integrity assessment of the study?

Automated Assessment:Assessment produced by the automated systemN/A

Human Assessment:Assessment by a domain expert reviewer, informed by AI resultsSome concerns

Rationale: Not registered and not reported the time in the manuscript.